El Rol Evolutivo de las Agencias de Promoción de Exportaciones (APEs) en los Ecosistemas de Internacionalización:
De Apoyo Gubernamental a Hélice Pivotal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2025.v25i3.3086Palabras clave:
Internationalization Ecosystem Framework (INTE-E); Export Promotion Agencies; Pivotal Helix; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); ApexBrasil.Resumen
Objetivos: Esta investigación evalúa el papel institucional crítico de las agencias de promoción de exportaciones (EPAs) en los ecosistemas de internacionalización, con un enfoque en ApexBrasil en el contexto brasileño. Analiza cómo estas agencias promueven el crecimiento económico sostenible, mejoran la competitividad exportadora e integran a las empresas en cadenas globales de valor, alineándose con las metas de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), como trabajo decente, innovación y resiliencia. Metodología: El enfoque cualitativo incluyó una revisión sistemática de la literatura y análisis de contenido y temático para explorar el papel de ApexBrasil en los ecosistemas brasileños de internacionalización. Entrevistas semiestructuradas con nueve representantes de ApexBrasil, analizadas de manera deductiva e inductiva, identificaron nuevas macrocategorías y dimensiones empíricas, contribuyendo al desarrollo de modelos teóricos sobre el papel institucional de las EPAs. Relevancia / originalidad: Basado en el Modelo de Ecosistemas de Internacionalización (INT-E), el estudio posiciona a las EPAs como "hélices pivotales". Al analizar el papel de ApexBrasil en la conexión entre actores clave, ofrece una perspectiva innovadora sobre cómo estas agencias fortalecen el comercio global y promueven los ODS mediante el crecimiento económico y la innovación industrial. Resultados principales: Las EPAs actúan como "hélices pivotales", optimizando los ecosistemas de internacionalización mediante alianzas estratégicas, transferencia de conocimiento y apoyo local. Al ampliar el concepto de la triple hélice y reforzar las interacciones entre universidad, industria y gobierno, las EPAs fomentan el crecimiento económico, impulsan la innovación y fortalecen las redes comerciales globales, alineándose con los ODS.
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