The impact of the development of smart cities on the patent system: a comparison between Brazil and The United States of America (USA)

Laura Luce Maisonnave; Cláudio Vinícius Silva Farias; Sabrina Oliveira Xavier

doi:10.20397/2177-6652/2025.v25i3.3071

Authors

Laura Luce Maisonnave Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Porto Alegre. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4647-559X
Cláudio Vinícius Silva Farias Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Porto Alegre. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0400-3260
Sabrina Oliveira Xavier Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Porto Alegre. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-7965

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2025.v25i3.3071

Keywords:

Smart Cities; Patent System; New Institutional Economics

Abstract

Objective: This article aims to investigate the impact of the innovative concept of Smart Cities on the patent system, comparing the economies of a developing country such as Brazil and that of a developed country such as the United States of America (USA).

Methodology: The research constitutes an exploratory stage of data collection, adopting a quantitative-qualitative approach. Data was collected from 2015 to the present day. The research design is bibliographic, investigating the Web of Science and Scopus databases, as well as patent bases.

Relevance: Relevance consists of the need for in-depth studies on the impacts generated on a country by the economic development through the perception of the importance of adopting innovative technologies to change technological paradigms.

Main results: In both countries, the results show the concentration of patent applications in the IPC (International Patent Classification) H04, focusing on technologies linked to the Internet of Things (IoT). However, in Brazil the concentration of patent applications intended for application in Smart Cities had a small increase from 2021 onwards, while in the USA there was an exponential increase from 2019 onwards.

Theoretical Contributions: The influence of the technological trajectory of the countries analyzed can be seen, making it clear that in a country with a production economic matrix there is no significant impact on the patent system, while in a country with an economic matrix of knowledge, there is a large increase in patent filings.

Author Biographies

Laura Luce Maisonnave, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Porto Alegre.

Lawyer graduated from the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul. Master's degree in Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for Innovation from the Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul / PROFNIT. Postgraduate degree in Intellectual Property from FADERGS. Postgraduate degree in Business Law (LLM) from Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV/RJ). Proficient level in English (she was resident in London, United Kingdom, from October 2005 to August 2007). Partner at the Werutsky e Maisonnave Advogados Associados Law Firm.

Cláudio Vinícius Silva Farias, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Porto Alegre.

PhD in Rural Development (PGDR/UFRGS). Master’s in Economics (Unisinos). Bachelor’s in Business Administration (UFRGS). Winner of the Edson Potsch Magalhães Award for the best Doctoral Thesis in Rural Economics in 2016, granted by the Brazilian Society of Administration, Economics, and Rural Sociology (SOBER). Teaching and research experience in the fields of Administration and Industrial Economics, focusing primarily on the following topics: Cooperation and Coordination of Productive Sectors, Institutional Economics, Competitiveness, Innovation and Organizational and Technological Learning, Health Economics, and Technology. Currently the Coordinator of the Professional Master's in Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for Innovation (PROFNIT), IFRS focal point. Full-Time Professor at the Porto Alegre Campus of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul.

Sabrina Oliveira Xavier, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Porto Alegre.

PhD in Law from the University of Grenoble Alpes (2020) with a full doctoral program abroad. Thesis titled La thèse CIFRE: étude pluridisciplinaire d'un instrument juridique au service de la politique de recherche et d'innovation dans une approche Franco-Brésilienne. Master’s in Business Law from the University of Lille II (2004) with a full master’s program abroad, dissertation titled Étude Comparative des Droits d'auteur française et brésilienne sur les oeuvres de l' esprit des membres de la fonction publique. Attorney registered with the Brazilian Bar Association, RS Section (OAB/RS) No. 47,598 since 1999. Extensive experience as a jurist in Technology Innovation Centers (NIT), began activities at the Technology Interaction and Transfer Office (EITT) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS (2000-2003). From 2004 to 2008, contracted as an attorney for UFRGS Press to handle publishing contracts, negotiate with authors, and oversee intellectual property matters. From 2008 to 2013, served as a jurist at the Technology Transfer Office (ETT) of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, providing legal advice to researchers on university-business-government relations, analyzing and drafting collaboration and technology transfer agreements, and offering legal opinions on intellectual property matters. Visiting Professor at IFRS Campus Porto Alegre, involved in the PROFNIT - Graduate Program in Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for Innovation. Currently serves as a jurist at the Innovation Secretariat of Porto Alegre, actively involved in public contracting through the Startup Legal Framework. Director of Living Lab POA (Proof of Concept - POC, Regulatory Sandbox, and Public Contract for Innovative Solutions - CPSI), Coordinator of the Digital Law and Innovation Forum (FDDI), Executive Secretary of the Innovation Managers Forum of GRANPAL, Porto Alegre Representative at TECHROAD, RS Labs Network Representative, Member of the Digital Government Program of Porto Alegre, Member of the Startup and Technology Committee of the Brazilian Bar Association (ABA), and Coordinator of the Startup City Program in Pacto Alegre.

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The impact of the development of smart cities on the patent system: a comparison between Brazil and The United States of America (USA)

Authors

DOI:

Keywords:

Abstract

Author Biographies

Laura Luce Maisonnave, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Porto Alegre.

Cláudio Vinícius Silva Farias, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Porto Alegre.

Sabrina Oliveira Xavier, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Porto Alegre.

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