El impacto del BIM en la planificación y gestión de la seguridad laboral en la industria AEC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2026.v26i1.3131Palabras clave:
Modelagem da informação; Prevenção; Construção; Riscos.Resumen
Resumen
Objetivo: Resumir el escenario actual de la aplicación del BIM para la gestión de la seguridad laboral en las fases de planificación y diseño.
Metodología: Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de la literatura, basada en un protocolo de investigación y un diagrama de flujo PRISMA.
Originalidad: El trabajo proporciona una clasificación de los principales riesgos laborales analizados mediante BIM, además de proporcionar un panorama actual de los estudios sobre gestión de la seguridad laboral antes del inicio de la construcción, con foco en el diseño y la planificación.
Resultados: Se pudo observar el uso de tecnologías de verificación automática de reglas, BIM 4D, sistemas de información geográfica, simulaciones, tecnologías inmersivas y ontologías. Entre los principales riesgos laborales previstos, los riesgos de accidentes relacionados con la planificación y el diseño de la obra fueron abordados en más del 40% de los artículos, seguidos de los riesgos de caída de personas y objetos y de colisiones. La principal limitación de la gestión de riesgos es la falta de experiencia previa y formación de los usuarios para desarrollar medidas de seguridad y utilizar las tecnologías actuales.
Aportes teóricos: La predicción de riesgos laborales proporciona soporte para priorizar los riesgos a estudiar, y la identificación de tecnologías y sus limitaciones sirve como base para optimizaciones en futuras investigaciones.
Contribuciones a la gestión: El trabajo destaca cómo BIM puede ayudar en la toma de decisiones, la identificación temprana de riesgos y la planificación eficiente de la seguridad en el trabajo.
Palabras clave: Modelado de información; Prevención; Construcción; Riesgos.
Citas
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