Impacto do investimento direto estrangeiro chinês nos países receptores (caso do paquistão)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2024.v24i00.2760Palavras-chave:
Investimento Direto Estrangeiro (IDE), China, Paquistão, Impacto do IDE, Governança econômicaResumo
Objetivo: O artigo investiga o impacto econômico do Investimento Direto Estrangeiro (IDE) chinês nos países receptores, com foco no caso do Paquistão. O objetivo é analisar como o IDE chinês influencia o desenvolvimento econômico do Paquistão, particularmente através do Corredor Econômico China-Paquistão (CPEC) e outras iniciativas.
Métodos: O estudo utiliza dados de várias fontes, incluindo o Banco Mundial, o Ministério do Comércio da República Popular da China e o Bureau de Estatísticas do Paquistão. Emprega modelagem de correlação e análise gráfica para examinar a relação entre o IDE chinês e o crescimento do PIB do Paquistão. A análise também considera os impactos ambientais e sociais, com base em dados do China Global Investment Tracker.
Resultados: Os resultados indicam uma forte correlação positiva (85%) entre o IDE chinês e o crescimento do PIB do Paquistão. Investimentos chineses, especialmente nos setores de energia e infraestrutura, contribuíram significativamente para o desenvolvimento econômico do país. No entanto, alguns impactos negativos, como o aumento das emissões de CO2 e os riscos ambientais, também foram identificados.
Contribuição: Esta pesquisa oferece insights valiosos sobre a dupla natureza do IDE: enquanto pode impulsionar o crescimento econômico, também pode trazer consequências ambientais negativas. O estudo recomenda que o governo do Paquistão gerencie ativamente o IDE recebido, priorizando projetos ecológicos e investimentos em energias renováveis.
Conclusão: O estudo conclui que o IDE chinês teve um impacto amplamente positivo na economia do Paquistão, especialmente em termos de desenvolvimento de infraestrutura e setor energético. No entanto, para maximizar os benefícios e minimizar os danos ambientais, os autores sugerem que os países receptores, como o Paquistão, adotem políticas mais estratégicas para gerenciar os investimentos estrangeiros.
Referências
Ahmad, M. (2018, September 19). Energy subsidies, efficiency must for growth. The News International. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/370347-energy-subsidies-efficiency-must-for-growth
Ahmad, S., Tariq, M., Hussain, T., Abbas, Q., Elham, H., Haider, L., & Li, X. (2020). Does Chinese FDI, climate change, and CO2 emissions stimulate agricultural productivity? An empirical evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability, 12(18), 7485. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187485
American Enterprise Institute. (2023). China global investment tracker. American Enterprise Institute, the Heritage Foundation. https://www.aei.org/china-global-investment-tracker/
Bezdudnaya, A., Treyman, M., Ksenofontova, T., Pogoreltsev, A., & Smirnov, R. (2022). Forecast of development of regional water supply and sanitation systems considering environmental, economic, and social aspects as exemplified by Saint Petersburg. Revista Gestão & Tecnologia, 22(1), 76-92. doi:https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2022.v22i1.2345
Cheung, K-Y., & Lin, P. (2004). Spillover effects of FDI on innovation in China: Evidence from the provincial data. China Economic Review, 15(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-951X(03)00027-0
China Daily. (2015, April 22). Backgrounder: China-Pakistan economic corridor. China Daily Information (CDIC). https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2015xivisitpse/2015-04/22/content_20503693.htm
Duan, W., Zhu, S., & Lai, M. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on China’s trade and outward FDI and related countermeasures. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 18(4), 355-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2020.1855395
Haier Official website. (2023). Haier in Pakistan. https://www.haier.com/pk/about-haier/haier-pk/
Helpman, E., Melitz, M., & Yeaple, S. R. (2003). Export versus FDI. NBER Working Paper Series No. 9439. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w9439/w9439.pdf
Huang, Y., & Xie, L. (2020). 中国对外投资发展的历史回顾、最新形势和趋势展望[Historical review, latest situation and trend outlook of China's outbound investment development]. Globalization, 5, 29-41. https://doi.org/10.16845/j.cnki.ccieeqqh.2020.05.003 (in Chinese)
Jun, W., Zakaria, M., Shahzad, S. J. H., & Mahmood, H. (2018). Effect of FDI on pollution in China: New insights based on wavelet approach. Sustainability, 10(11), 3859. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113859
Kiseleva, I., Gasparian, M., Karmanov, M., & Kuznetsov, V. (2023). Methods of risk assessment and decision-making in investment projects amid economic instability. Revista Gestão & Tecnologia, 23(1), 57-68. doi:https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2023.v23i1.2536
Koty, A. C. (2018, April 3). The US-China trade war: What US products are affected. China Briefing. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/us-china-trade-war-us-products-affected/
Kousar, S., Rehman, A., Zafar, M., Ali, K., & Nasir, N. (2018). China-Pakistan economic corridor: A gateway to sustainable economic development. International Journal of Social Economics, 45(6), 909-924. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-02-2017-0059
Lu, S. (2018). Outlook 2018: Apparel industry issues in the year ahead. FASH455 Global Apparel & Textile Trade and Sourcing. https://shenglufashion.com/2018/01/09/outlook-2018-apparel-industry-issues-in-the-year-ahead/
Lun, X., & Han, Y. (2021). 中国对外直接投资有助于沿线国家绿色技术创新吗? [Can China's foreign direct investment help countries along the Belt and Road to innovate green technologies?]. School of Finance, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CAPJ&dbname=CAPJLAST&filename=KJJB20210903002&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=OXSjCvrZGd_I6Bx-2aj19KJLZUPCauquU0zzjuurlQec_tcmnn3VvxQmw3UJfz_o (in Chinese)
Mangi, F. (2022, September 2). China's funding to Pakistan stands at 30% of foreign debt. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-02/china-s-funding-to-pakistan-stands-at-30-of-foreign-debt
Ministry of Commerce of PRC. (2021). 2020年度中国对外直接投资统计公报 [2020 Statistical bulletin of China's outward direct investment]. http://hzs.mofcom.gov.cn/article/date/202110/20211003207274.shtml (in Chinese)
Niu, X. (2021). 中国OFDI、技术创新与“一带一路”沿线国家经济增长研究 [Research on China's OFDI, technological innovation and economic growth of countries along the "Belt and Road"]. Times of Economy ＆ Trade, 12, 75-78. https://doi.org/10.19463/j.cnki.sdjm.2021.12.016 (in Chinese)
Petrina, O., Stadolin, M., Kovaleva, N., Morozov, V., Maslennikova, E., & Zemskova, A. (2023). El impacto del desarrollo turístico en la globalización de los mercados y la actividad económica. REICE: Revista Electrónica De Investigación En Ciencias Económicas, 10(20), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.5377/reice.v10i20.16029
Prime Minister Office, Board of Investment. (2023). Statistics - Foreign investment. Invest Pakistan. https://invest.gov.pk/statistics
Ray, R., & Simmons, B. A. (2020, December 7). Tracking China’s overseas development finance. Boston University Global Development Policy Center. https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2020/12/07/tracking-chinas-overseas-development-finance/
Riikonen, A. (2019). Decide, disrupt, destroy: Information systems in great power competition with China. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 13(4), 122-145.
Safiullin, M., Yelshin, L., & Sharifullin, M. (2023). Utilizing blockchain for sustainable development of international supply chains amid economic challenges. Revista Gestão & Tecnologia, 23, 243 - 259. doi:https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2023.v23i4.2717
Schlesinger, J. M., & Ailworth, E. (2018, January 22). U.S. imposes new tariffs, ramping up 'America first' trade policy. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-imposes-trade-tariffs-signaling-tougher-line-on-china-1516658821
Shah, S. (2016, April 10). Big Chinese-Pakistani project tries to overcome Jihadists, droughts and doubts. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/big-chinese-pakistani-project-tries-to-overcome-jihadists-droughts-and-doubts-1460274228
Shahid Khan, T. (2019, July 18). Huawei announces $100m investment in Pakistan. Daily Ausaf. https://dailyausaf.com/en/pakistan/huawei-announces-100m-investment-in-pakistan.html
Smith, N. S. (2021). China's “Major Country Diplomacy”: Legitimation and foreign policy change. Foreign Policy Analysis, 17(2), orab002, https://doi.org/10.1093/fpa/orab002
Stone, R. W., Wang, Y., & Yu, S. (2022). Chinese power and the state-owned enterprise. International Organization, 76(1), 229-250. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818321000308
The Pakistan Business Council, Consortium for Development Policy Research. (2019). China Pakistan free trade agreement phase 2: A preliminary analysis. https://cdpr.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/China-Pakistan-Free-Trade-Agreement-Phase-2-merged-final.pdf
The State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2006). 更好地实施“走出去”战略 [The "going out" strategy implementation]. The Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/node_11140/2006-03/15/content_227686.htm (in Chinese)
The World Bank. (2018, March 29). Belt and road initiative. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/regional-integration/brief/belt-and-road-initiative
The World Bank. (2022a). CO2 emissions – Pakistan. World Bank Group. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.KT?locations=PK
The World Bank. (2022b). GDP (current US$) – Pakistan. World Bank Group. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=PK
The World Bank. (2022c). Individuals using the Internet (% of population) – Pakistan. World Bank Group. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=PK
UNCTAD. (2016). Investment flows through offshore financial hubs declined but remain at high level. Global Investment Trends Monitor No. 23. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/webdiaeia2016d2_en.pdf
UNCTAD. (2020). Global FDI flows flat in 2019 moderate increase expected in 2020. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. https://unctad.org/news/global-investment-flows-flat-2019-moderate-increase-expected-2020
UNCTAD. (2021). Global foreign direct investment fell by 42% in 2020, outlook remains weak. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. https://unctad.org/news/global-foreign-direct-investment-fell-42-2020-outlook-remains-weak
Yu, S. Z. (2021, April 2). Why substantial Chinese FDI is flowing into Africa. The London School of Economic and Political Science. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2021/04/02/why-substantial-chinese-fdi-is-flowing-into-africa-foreign-direct-investment/
Yun, Z. (2020). 外商直接投资与中国经济增长的关系研究 [Research on the relationship between foreign direct investment and China's economic growth]. Fuzhou University. https://proxy.library.spbu.ru:6699/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CMFD&dbname=CMFD201802&filename=1017050443.nh&uniplatform=OVERSEAS_CHS&v=aqDaEw0NPK-TPNS63bdUN63Lv55hyDbStkZwRNUR70fukHSIeTXBaxdYHhlm0nRZ (in Chinese)
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista Gestão & Tecnologia
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Os direitos, inclusive os de tradução, são reservados. É permitido citar parte de artigos sem autorização prévia desde que seja identificada a fonte. A reprodução total de artigos é proibida. Em caso de dúvidas, consulte o Editor.
