Emerging versus mature markets: Sports betting in Brazil and the United Kingdom
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2023.v23i3.2408Palavras-chave:
sports betting, gambling, emerging market, Brazil, United Kingdom.Resumo
Objective: Contrast Brazilian sports betting market with that of the United Kingdom - which is more mature and has a long-lived regulation - using the following dimensions: economic, legal, integrity, advertising, and public health.
Methodology: We collected secondary data from various Brazilian sources: (i) media, (ii) community, and (iii) government. To compare the Brazilian and the UK markets, we collected data from multiple government UK websites.
Originality: Although research has furthered knowledge of sports betting, it has emphasized some dimensions over others.
Main results: Brazilian actors are more concerned with the positive aspects of the economic and legal dimensions. Thus, they have not paid much attention to the negative aspects of integrity, advertising, and public health dimensions. By contrast, the debate about sports betting is more balanced in the UK. The UK actors acknowledge multiple dimensions of sports betting and how they affect each other.
Theoretical contributions: This paper adds knowledge by providing a holistic study of the sports betting market and contributes by analyzing an emerging market that is disregarded in the literature.
Social contributions: The comparison between two sports betting markets at different developmental stages (Brazil and UK) provides valuable lessons for Brazilian actors to frame a more balanced debate about sports betting. In addition, emerging markets unfamiliar with fixed odd sports betting can learn how to handle sports betting more adequately.
Referências
Alves, M. J. G., & Teles, B. (2020, November 25). Loteria esportiva: o primeiro passo para a abertura dos jogos no Brasil. Fausto Macedo. https://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/fausto-macedo/loteria-esportiva-o-primeiro-passo-para-a-abertura-dos-jogos-no-brasil
Amato, G., & Goulart, G. (2020, November 24). Apontadores de jogo do bicho agora aceitam apostas de futebol. O Globo. https://oglobo.globo.com/rio/apontadores-de-jogo-do-bicho-agora-aceitam-apostas-de-futebol-21723952
Andreff, W. (2019). Match-Fixing. In W. Andreff (Ed.), An economic roadmap to the dark side of sport (pp. 13-52). Palgrave Pivot.
Arbex, T., Grillo, M., & Góes, B. (2020, November 25). A aposta alta na legalização dos jogos no Brasil. O Globo Época. https://epoca.globo.com/brasil/a-aposta-alta-na-legalizacao-dos-jogos-no-brasil-24262099
Armstrong, A. R., Thomas, A., & Abbott, M. (2018). Gambling participation, expenditure and risk of harm in Australia, 1997–1998 and 2010–2011. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(1), 255-274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9708-0
Benegal, V. (2013). Gambling experiences, problems and policy in India: A historical analysis. Addiction, 108(12), 2062-2067. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04068.x
BeGambleAware. (2022.). Who we are, and what we do. https://www.begambleaware.org/for-professionals/about-us/fundraising
BeGambleAware. (2020a, June 25). Annual Statistics from the National Gambling Treatment Service (Great Britain). Gamble Aware. https://about.gambleaware.org/media/2289/annual-stats-2019-20.pdf
BeGambleAware. (2020b, June 25). Gambling companies spend £1.2 billion marketing online, five times more than on television ads. Gamble Aware. https://about.gambleaware.org/media/1857/2018-11-24-gambling-marketing-online-five-times-tv-ad-spend.pdf
Bereiter, D., & Storr, S. (2018). Gambling policies and law in Austria. In M. Egerer, V. Marionneau, & J. Nikkinen (Eds.), Gambling policies in European welfare states: Current challenges and future prospects (pp. 59-82). Palgrave Macmillan.
Blackshaw, I. S. (2017). Corruption in Sport. In I. S. Blackshaw (Ed.), International sports law: An introductory guide (pp. 107-114). TMC Asser Press.
Bradley, A., & James, R. J. E. (2019). How are major gambling brands using Twitter? International Gambling Studies, 19(3), 451-470. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2019.1606927
Cabot, A., Manteris, A., Hill, D., Sutcliffe, M., & Mintas, L. (2018). Sports integrity roundtable discussion. Gaming Law Review, 22(8), 485-496. https://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2018.2283
Cacioli, R. (2019, November 26). Com legislação já aprovada, Brasil mira filão das apostas online. Terra. https://www.terra.com.br/esportes/futebol/com-legislacao-ja-aprovada-brasil-mira-filao-das-apostas-online,fea248cd694d4d98f12b26e4fda9a670vdpitzt3.html
Caixa. (2021). Loterias Caixa arrecadam R$ 17,1 bilhões em 2020. https://caixanoticias.caixa.gov.br/noticia/24565/loterias-caixa-arrecadam-r-171-bilhoes-em-2020
Caparica, A., Botta, E., Lourenço, L., & Oliveira, M. (2020, November 26). Apostador detalha esquema de compra de resultados na Série A3 ao tentar subornar jogador. O Globo. https://globoesporte.globo.com/sp/tem-esporte/futebol/paulista-serie-a3/noticia/apostador-detalha-esquema-de-compra-de-resultados-na-serie-a3-ao-tentar-subornar-jogador-ouca.ghtml
Chamelette, M. (2019, June 27). Match-fixing e a imprevisibilidade no esporte. Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Desportivo (Brazilian Institute of Sports Law). https://ibdd.com.br/match-fixing-a-imprevisibilidade-no-esporte/
Costa, G., & Neves, M. (2020, April 13). Sem futebol, sites de apostas se viram com BBB e esportes eletrônicos. O Globo. https://oglobo.globo.com/esportes/sem-futebol-sites-de-apostas-se-viram-com-bbb-esportes-eletronicos-24366946
Deans, E. G., Thomas, S. L., Derevensky, J., & Daube, M. (2017). The influence of marketing on the sports betting attitudes and consumption behaviours of young men: implications for harm reduction and prevention strategies. Harm Reduction Journal, 14(5), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-017-0131-8
Decree-law nº 9215/1946 of Presidency of the Republic of Brazil. (1946, April 30). Civil House. https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/declei/1940-1949/decreto-lei-9215-30-abril-1946-417083-publicacaooriginal-1-pe.html
Dino. (2019, November 27). Apostas esportivas podem gerar empregos e rendas no Brasil. Terra. https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/dino/apostas-esportivas-podem-gerar-empregos-e-rendas-no-brasil,8e1cc839c7bcf89e4fb6cea536d920e9iz00lnsk.html
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550. https://doi.org/10.2307/258557
EPTV 2. (2020, November 27). Polícia Civil cumpre 26 mandados de busca e apreensão contra jogos de azar em Franca, SP. O Globo. https://g1.globo.com/sp/ribeirao-preto-franca/noticia/2019/08/07/policia-civil-cumpre-26-mandados-de-busca-e-apreensao-contra-jogos-de-azar-em-franca-sp.ghtml
Fereira, D. B. (2021). Online sports betting in Brazil and conflict solution clauses. Revista do Curso de Direito, 1(1), 92–104.
Gainsbury, S. M., Russell, A. M., Hing, N., & Blaszczynski, A. (2018). Consumer engagement with and perceptions of offshore online gambling sites. New Media & Society, 20(8), 2990-3010. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817738783
Gambling Act. (2005). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/19/contents
Gambling Act. (2014). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2014/17/contents
Gambling Commission. (2018, April 19). Work by the Gambling Commission's intelligence team results in FA six year footballer ban. https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/news/article/work-by-the-gambling-commissions-intelligence-team-results-in-fa-six-year
Gambling Commission. (2019, October 30). Sports Betting Integrity snapshot. https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/statistics-and-research/publication/sports-betting-integrity-snapshot
Gambling Commission. (2020a, January 20). Gambling on credit cards to be banned from April 2020. https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/news/article/gambling-on-credit-cards-to-be-banned-from-april-2020
Gambling Commission. (2020b, November 26). Industry Statistcs – November 2020. https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/statistics-and-research/publication/industry-statistics-november-2020
Gambling Commission. (2021a). Sports Betting Intelligence Unit (SBIU). https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/news-action-and-statistics/Match-fixing-and-sports-integrity/Sports-Betting-Intelligence-Unit.aspx
Gambling Commission. (2021b, June 23). Participation and prevalence research. https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/print/participation-and-prevalence-research
Games Magazine Brazil. (2019, October 2019). Um grupo de especialistas criou a Associação Brasileira de Apostas Esportivas. https://web.gamesbras.com/legislao/2019/10/11/um-grupo-de-especialistas-criou-associao-brasileira-de-apostas-esportivas-14680.html
GloboEsporte.com. (2018, March 25). Investigação revela esquema de manipulação de resultados em jogos. https://ge.globo.com/programas/esporte-espetacular/noticia/investigacao-revela-esquema-de-manipulacao-de-resultados-em-jogos.ghtml
Globo. (2020, October 20). Mercado Bet: a aposta dos brasileiros. https://gente.globo.com/mercado-bet-a-aposta-dos-brasileiros/
Gomes, L. F. (2020, May 20). Manipulação de resultados é ameaça na volta do futebol. Terra. https://www.terra.com.br/esportes/lance/luiz-gomes-manipulacao-de-resultados-e-ameaca-na-volta-do-futebol,82a653d441281d847df2aee108b14c624dknqlnr.html
Gonçalo Junior. (2019, November 19). Mercado brasileiro de apostas esportivas gira em torno de R$ 8 bilhões, dizem especialistas. Estadão. https://esportes.estadao.com.br/noticias/futebol,mercado-brasileiro-de-apostas-esportivas-gira-em-torno-de-r-8-bilhoes-dizem-especialistas,70003107459
Government. (2020, December 8). Government launches review to ensure gambling laws are fit for digital age. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-launches-review-to-ensure-gambling-laws-are-fit-for-digital-age
Griffths. (2019, March 21). Gambling-related harm as a public health issue. Local Government Association. https://www.local.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/Professor%20Sian%20Griffiths%20OBE%2C%20Deputy%20Chair%2C%20Gamble%20Aware%20and%20Associate%20Non-Executive%20Board%20Member%2C%20Public%20Health%20England%20WEB.pdf
Grillo, M., & Schmitt, G. (2018, March 18). Jogo avança no país à espera de legalização: apostas já são negócio de bilhões. O Globo. https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/jogo-avanca-no-pais-espera-de-legalizacao-apostas-ja-sao-negocio-de-bilhoes-22501576
Grinols, E. (2004). Gambling in America: Costs and benefits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hing, N., Cherney, L., Blaszczynski, A., Gainsbury, S. M., & Lubman, D. I. (2014). Do advertising and promotions for online gambling increase gambling consumption? An exploratory study. International Gambling Studies, 14(3), 394-409. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2014.903989
Hing, N., Li, E., Vitartas, P., & Russell, A. M. T. (2018). On the spur of the moment: intrinsic predictors of impulse sports betting. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34, 413–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9719-x
Hing, N., Russell, A. M., Vitartas, P., & Lamont, M. (2016). Demographic, behavioural and normative risk factors for gambling problems amongst sports bettors. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 625-641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9571-9.
HMRC. (HM Revenue & Customs). (2021, June 10). UK betting and gaming statistics: Bi-annual statistics from the 7 different gambling regimes administered by HM Revenue and Customs. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-betting-and-gaming-statistics
House of Lords. (2020, July 2). Gambling Harm—Time for Action. (Report of Session 2019-21). https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld5801/ldselect/ldgamb/79/79.pdf
Humphreys, A. (2010). Megamarketing: The creation of markets as a social process. Journal of Marketing, 74(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.74.2.1
IBIA. (2019, September). IBIA response: Brazilian Draft Decree Regulating Fixed Odds Betting. https://ibia.bet/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/IBIA-response-Brazilian-Decree-September-2019-FINAL-English-version-with-annex.pdf
Jensen, C. (2017). Money over misery: restrictive gambling legislation in an era of liberalization. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(1), 119-134.https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1146326
Kim, H. S., & King, D. L. (2020). Gambling-gaming convergence: new developments and future directions. International Gambling Studies, 20(3), 373-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2020.1822905
Kingma, S. F. (2008). Dutch casino space or the spatial organization of entertainment. Culture and Organization, 14(1), 31-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/14759550701863324
Laffey, D., Della Sala, V., & Laffey, K. (2016). Patriot games: The regulation of online gambling in the European Union. Journal of European Public Policy, 23(10), 1425-1441. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2015.1105281
Lance. (2019, February 2). Brasileiro faz palestra na maior feira do mundo de apostas e loterias. Terra. https://www.terra.com.br/esportes/lance/brasileiro-faz-palestra-na-maior-feira-do-mundo-de-apostas-e-loterias,6c036fe967e1bb33e383f0c62c3cb660cehj0rb3.html
Langham, E., Thorne, H., Browne, M., Donaldson, P., Rose, J., & Rockloff, M. (2016). Understanding gambling related harm: a proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2747-0
Lastra, R., Bell, P., & Bond, C. (2016). Sports Betting-Motivated Corruption in Australia: An Under-Studied Phenomenon. International Journal of Social Science Research. 4(1), 61-82.
Law nº 4161/1962 of Presidency of Republic of Brazil. (1962) The Chamber of Deputies. https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/lei/1960-1969/lei-4161-4-dezembro-1962-353962-publicacaooriginal-1-pl.html
Law nº 13756/2018 of (2018). https://www.in.gov.br/materia/-/asset_publisher/Kujrw0TZC2Mb/content/id/54976993/do1-2018-12-13-lei-n-13-756-de-12-de-dezembro-de-2018-54976737
Law Project nº 2448/2019 of The Federal Senate. (2019). https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/136605
Legal Gambling Institute. (2020). Covid adia lançamento das apostas esportivas brasileiras até 2021. http://www.institutojogolegal.com.br/Home/Noticia/295
Leister Filho, A. (2019). Apostas esportivas: Brasil não vai impor quarentena a sites estrangeiros. O Globo. https://oglobo.globo.com/esportes/apostas-esportivas-brasil-nao-vai-impor-quarentena-sites-estrangeiros-23962016
Lock, C. (2021, April 1). Sports betting and gambling market/industry - statistics & facts. Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/1740/sports-betting/
Lole, L., Li, E. N., Russell, A. M., Greer, N., Thorne, H., & Hing, N. (2019). Are sports bettors looking at responsible gambling messages? An eye-tracking study on wagering advertisements. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(3), 499-507. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.37
Lopez-Gonzalez, H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Understanding the convergence of markets in online sports betting. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 53(7), 807-823.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690216680602
Lopez-Gonzalez, H., & Tulloch, C. D. (2015). Enhancing media sport consumption: Online gambling in European football. Media International Australia, 155, 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1515500115
Lopez-Gonzalez, H., Estévez, A., & Griffiths, M. (2017). Controlling the illusion of control: a grounded theory of sports betting advertising in the UK. International Gambling Studies, 18(1), 39-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2017.1377747
Lopez-Gonzalez, H., Estévez, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Internet-based structural characteristics of sports betting and problem gambling severity: Is there a relationship? International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(6), 1360-1373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9876-x
Lourenço, L. (2020, October 27). Após 15 anos, STJ julga caso da Máfia do Apito de 2005 e derruba indenização milionária. O Globo. https://ge.globo.com/blogs/bastidores-fc/noticia/apos-15-anos-stj-julga-caso-da-mafia-do-apito-de-2005-e-derruba-indenizacao-milionaria.ghtml
Marchetti, F., Filho, A., & Constandt, B. (2021). At risk: betting-related match-fixing in Brazilian football. Crime, Law and Social Change. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-021-09971-0
Medeiros, G., Grant, J., & Tavares, H. (2016). Gambling disorder due to Brazilian animal game (“Jogo do Bicho”): Gambling behavior and psychopathology. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(1), 231-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9527-0.
Miles, M., & Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis. Sage.
Miller, H. E., & Thomas, S. L. (2017). The “walk of shame”: A qualitative study of the influences of negative stereotyping of problem gambling on gambling attitudes and behaviours. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 15(6), 1284–1300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9749-8
Ministry of Economy. (2019, July 31). Secap lança consulta pública sobre regulamentação de apostas esportivas de quota fixa. https://www.gov.br/economia/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2019/07/secap-lanca-consulta-publica-sobre-regulamentacao-de-apostas-de-quota-fixa
Ministry of Economy. (2020, March 17). Apostas esportivas são incluídas em plano de parcerias de investimento. https://www.gov.br/economia/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2020/junho/apostas-esportivas-sao-incluidas-em-plano-de-parcerias-de-investimento
Ministry of Economy. (2021a, July 20). Sancionada lei que altera tributação das apostas de quota fixa. https://www.gov.br/economia/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2021/julho/sancionada-lei-que-altera-tributacao-das-apostas-de-quota-fixa-1
Ministry of Economy. (2021b, February 9). BNDES lança pesquisa visando mapear empresas para participar da concessão da loteria Apostas de Quota Fixa. https://www.gov.br/economia/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2021/fevereiro/bndes-lanca-pesquisa-visando-mapear-empresas-para-participar-da-concessao-da-loteria-apostas-de-quota-fixa
Ministry of Economy. (2021c, July 27). Ministério da Economia debate apostas esportivas no Brasil. https://www.gov.br/economia/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2021/julho/ministerio-da-economia-debate-apostas-esportivas-no-brasil
Miranda, A. (2018). The future of sports betting in the states: A gamble on federalism and the growth of the gaming industry. Gaming Law Review, 22, 452-468. https://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2018.22811
Morelli, R. (2019, September 12). Jogos de apostas no Brasil e var isso vai dar muita confusão. Estadão. https://esportes.estadao.com.br/blogs/robson-morelli/jogos-de-apostas-no-brasil-e-var-isso-vai-dar-muita-confusao/
National Audit Office. (2020, February 28). Gambling regulation: problem gambling and protecting vulnerable people. https://www.nao.org.uk/report/gambling-regulation-problem-gambling-and-protecting-the-vulnerable/
NHS (National Health Service). (2020, January 16). Links between gambling and mental ill health: Letters from Claire Murdoch. https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/links-between-gambling-and-mental-ill-health-letters-from-claire-murdoch/
Nikkinen, J. T., Egerer, M. D., & Marionneau, V. K. (2018). Introduction: Gambling Regulations and the Use of Gambling Revenues in European Welfare States. In M. Egerer, V. Marionneau, & J. Nikkinen (Eds.), Gambling Policies in European Welfare States: Current Challenges and Future Prospects (pp. 1-14). Palgrave Macmillan.
O Globo. (2017, June 24). Flamengo supera o Corinthians em venda de camisas e fica em terceiro no top 3 da América. https://extra.globo.com/esporte/flamengo/flamengo-supera-corinthians-em-venda-de-camisas-fica-em-terceiro-no-top-3-da-america-20753544.html
O Globo. (2019, July 15). Flamengo anuncia patrocínio de empresa de apostas esportivas. https://oglobo.globo.com/esportes/flamengo-anuncia-patrocinio-de-empresa-de-apostas-esportivas-23808854
Ogburn, W.F. (1992). Social change: With respect to culture and original nature. New York: B.W. Huebsch.
Parke, A., & Parke, J. (2019). Transformation of sports betting into a rapid and continuous gambling activity: A grounded theoretical investigation of problem sports betting in online settings. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(6), 1340–1359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-0049-8
Parliament. (2019). Sky – Written evidence (GAM 0035). https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/135/html/#_ftn3
Pitt, H., Thomas, S. L., Bestman, A., Daube, M., & Derevensky, J. (2017). Factors that influence children’s gambling attitudes and consumption intentions: lessons for gambling harm prevention research, policies and advocacy strategies. Harm Reduction Journal, 14(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-017-0136-3.
Portal G1. (2016, June 7). Polícia prende 7 em ação contra fraude em placares de jogos de futebol. O Globo. http://g1.globo.com/sao-paulo/noticia/2016/07/operacao-contra-fraudes-em-resultado-de-jogos-de-futebol-ocorre-em-sp-rj-e-ce.html
Prata, J. (2020, August 27). Bolsonaro publica decreto para apostas esportivas e clubes podem receber até R$ 300 milhões por ano. Terra. https://www.terra.com.br/esportes/futebol/bolsonaro-publica-decreto-para-apostas-esportivas-e-clubes-podem-receber-ate-r-300-milhoes-por-ano,cf57a70e3dac0c92ed6e325dfd8d3a79gf50qu34.html
Research & Markets. (2020, August 31). Global sports Betting market worth $85 Billion in 2019 - Industry assessment and forecasts throughout 2020-2025. Globe News Wire. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/08/31/2086041/0/en/Global-Sports-Betting-Market-Worth-85-Billion-in-2019-Industry-Assessment-and-Forecasts-Throughout-2020-2025.html
Rodríguez, P., Humphreys, B. R., & Simmons, R. (2017). Economics of sports betting. Edward Elgar.
Rolando, S., & Scavarda, A. (2018). Italian gambling regulation: Justifications and counter-arguments. In M. Egerer, V. Marionneau, & J. Nikkinen (Eds.), Gambling policies in European welfare states: Current challenges and future prospects (pp. 37-57). Palgrave Macmillan.
Salaga, S., Tainsky, S., & Mondello, M. (2020). Betting market outcomes and NBA television viewership. Journal of Sport Management, 34(2), 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0046
Schüll, N. D. (2012). Addiction by design: Machine gambling in Las Vegas. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Tak, M., Sam, M. P., & Jackson, S. J. (2018). The problems and causes of match-fixing: are legal sports betting regimes to blame? Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice. 4(1), 37-87. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRPP-01-2018-0006
Tanji, T. (2017, July 11). Tudo o que você precisa saber sobre jogos de azar no Brasil. O Globo. https://revistagalileu.globo.com/Revista/noticia/2017/07/tudo-o-que-voce-precisa-saber-sobre-jogos-de-azar-no-brasil.html
Vacca, A. (2014). Sports Betting: Why the United States Should Go All. Willamette Sports Law Journal, 11, Spring.
Valič, T. B., & Macur, M. (2018). Gambling policies in Slovenia: Financing tourism infrastructure, sports and designated non-governmental organizations. In M. Egerer, V. Marionneau, & J. Nikkinen (Eds.), Gambling policies in European welfare states: Current challenges and future prospects (pp. 119-133). Palgrave Macmillan.
Vitor, R. (2020, August 20). Ainda sem regulamentação no Brasil, casas de apostas esportivas fazem parcerias com clubes. Terra. https://www.terra.com.br/esportes/futebol/ainda-sem-regulamentacao-no-brasil-casas-de-apostas-esportivas-fazem-parcerias-com-clubes,dfd4b5823851402dd06692a60035abdc1qvodu0g.html
Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2011). A comparative profile of the Internet gambler: Demographic characteristics, game-play patterns, and problem gambling status. New Media & Society, 13(7), 1123-1141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810397650
Zarko. (2019, December 14). Clubes pagaram R$ 1 bi em salários em 2018; 7% dos atletas concentram R$ 800 milhões. O Globo. https://ge.globo.com/futebol/noticia/clubes-pagaram-r-1-bi-em-salarios-em-2018-7percent-dos-atletas-concentram-r-800-milhoes.ghtml
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Gestão & Tecnologia
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Os direitos, inclusive os de tradução, são reservados. É permitido citar parte de artigos sem autorização prévia desde que seja identificada a fonte. A reprodução total de artigos é proibida. Em caso de dúvidas, consulte o Editor.