CYBERSECURITY IN THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE: PROTECTION MEASURES AND CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY SECURITY

Authors

  • Olena Borychenko National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
  • Anatolii Cherniavskyi National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
  • Oleksandr Muliarevych Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
  • Yurii Shelekh Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
  • Myroslav Sabat Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine

Keywords:

Cyber war, Ukraine, Industrial Control system, Challenges,, Protected measures

Abstract

The conflict between Ukraine and Russia is a hot topic in international geopolitics and geostrategic discussions. Ukraine's energy crisis was caused by the tactic of hitting Russia straight at the point of a crucial national object, especially the power plant. This was preceded by a cyberattack at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant, followed by a traditional physical attack from the air. Numerous industries are impacted by the ensuing conflict, including the food, energy, and supply chains, particularly in the months leading up to the conflict (end of 2021). This quantitative study aims to investigate the cybersecurity environment in the energy sector of Ukraine in-depth. The study intends to uncover important protective strategies and obstacles by examining data from Google Scholar and Ukrainian websites. This will provide insightful information for improving the energy sector's resilience against cyber-attacks. In order to defend Ukraine's energy sector against cyber threats, the study's recommended countermeasures include modernizing vital infrastructure, creating a culture that values cybersecurity, safeguarding Industrial Control Systems (ICS), ongoing monitoring, staff training, cooperation, compliance with laws, and creating incident response plans. This study's conclusion emphasizes how crucial it is to work together and adapt continuously in order to strengthen Ukraine's energy security. Maintaining strong cybersecurity measures while maintaining operational efficiency is essential. Maintaining a constant focus on information exchange, resilience-building, and best practices is essential to protecting the energy infrastructure from ever-evolving cyber-attacks.

References

Advisory, J. C. (2022). Russian State-Sponsored and Criminal Cyber Threats to Critical Infrastructure [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA22-110A_Joint_CSA_Russian_State-Sponsored_and_Criminal_Cyber_Threats_to_Critical_Infrastructure_4_20_22_Final.pdf

Ahamer, G. (2021). Major obstacles for implementing renewable energies in Ukraine. International Journal of Global Energy Issues, 43(5-6), 664-691.

Aljohani, T. M. (2022). Cyberattacks on Energy Infrastructures: Modern War Weapons. arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.14225.

Ateman, J. (2022). Russia’s Wartime Cyber Operations in Ukraine: Military Impacts, Influences, and Implications. Retrieved 10/2, 2024, from https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/12/16/russia-s-wartime-cyber-operations-in-ukraine-military-impacts-influences-and-implications-pub-88657

Aviv, I., & Ferri, U. (2023). Russian-Ukraine armed conflict: Lessons learned on the digital ecosystem. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 43, 100637.

Ayodeji, A., Mohamed, M., Li, L., Di Buono, A., Pierce, I., & Ahmed, H. (2023). Cyber security in the nuclear industry: A closer look at digital control systems, networks and human factors. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 161, 104738.

Bederna, Z., Rajnai, Z., & Szadeczky, T. (2020). Attacks against energy, water and other critical infrastructure in the EU. Paper presented at the 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference and Workshop in Óbuda on Electrical and Power Engineering (CANDO-EPE).

Berting, F. S. (2023). The Ukraine cyber war: an analysis of the Russian cyber doctrine for comparing the Ukraine National Cyber Security Strategy with those of other western countries.

bing, J. P. C. (2022). The cyber war between Ukraine and Russia: An overview. Retrieved 11/2, 2024, from https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/factbox-the-cyber-war-between-ukraine-russia-2022-05-10/

Charter, E. (2023). Ukrainian energy sector evaluation and damage assessment - IX. Retrieved from https://www.energycharter.org/fileadmin/DocumentsMedia/Occasional/2023_04_27_UA_sectoral_evaluation_and_damage_assessment_Version_IX.pdf

Cherniaieva, O., Orlenko, O., & Ashcheulova, O. (2023). The infrastructure of the Internet services market of the future: analysis of formation problems. Futurity Economics&Law, 3(1), 4-16.

Davydiuk, A., & Zubok, V. (2023). Analytical Review of the Resilience of Ukraine’s Critical Energy Infrastructure to Cyber Threats in Times of War. Paper presented at the 2023 15th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Meeting Reality (CyCon).

Desai, D., & Manabat, H. (2022). CyberWarfare: The Past, The Present and the foreseeable future.

Economist, t. (2022). Russia seems to be co-ordinating cyber-attacks with its military campaign [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/05/10/russia-seems-to-be-co-ordinating-cyber-attacks-with-its-military-campaign

Forsström, P. (2023). Russia's war on Ukraine: strategic and operational designs and implementation.

Gibney, E. (2022). Where is Russia’s Cyberwar? Analysts Decipher Its Strategy. cell(2022).

Gjesvik, L., & Szulecki, K. (2023). Interpreting cyber-energy-security events: experts, social imaginaries, and policy discourses around the 2016 Ukraine blackout. European Security, 32(1), 104-124.

Gorchinskaya, K., Rudenko, O., & Schreiber, W. (2014). Authorities: Hackers foiled in bid to rig Ukraine presidential election results. KyivPost, 25, 14.

Goudarzi, A., Ghayoor, F., Waseem, M., Fahad, S., & Traore, I. (2022). A Survey on IoT-Enabled Smart Grids: Emerging, Applications, Challenges, and Outlook. Energies, 15(19), 6984.

Green, J. (2022). Moving Toward Strategic Cyber War Theory? Analysis of Russian State-backed Cyber Attacks.

Holdridge, C. M. (2021). Leveraging Cyberspace. Marine Corps Gazette.

Järvinen, M., & Mik-Meyer, N. (2020). Qualitative analysis: Eight approaches for the social sciences: Sage.

Kleist, V. F. (2021). Global Multinational Organizations: Unintended Threats from Nation-State Cyberwarfare (Vol. 24, pp. 229-234): Taylor & Francis.

Kruszka, L., & Muzolf, P. (2022). Introduction to Critical Energy Infrastructure Protection: Risks and Vulnerabilities Critical Energy Infrastructure Protection (pp. 1-14): IOS Press.

Kuzior, A., Lobanova, A., & Kalashnikova, L. (2021). Green energy in Ukraine: State, public demands, and trends. Energies, 14(22), 7745.

Lewis, J. A. (2022). Cyber War and Ukraine. Retrieved 10/2, 2024, from https://www.csis.org/analysis/cyber-war-and-ukraine

Magafas, L., & Demertzis, K. Russia vs Ukraine Cyberwarfare: Lessons Learned.

Maliarchuk, T., Danyk, Y., & Briggs, C. (2019). Hybrid Warfare and Cyber Effects in Energy Infrastructure. Connections, 18(1/2), 93-110.

Naumenkova, S., Mishchenko, V., & Mishchenko, S. (2022). Key energy indicators for sustainable development goals in Ukraine. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(1), 379-395.

Nguyen, P. (2023). All Bark and No Byte: A Case Study on Nuclear Weapons' Role in Cyber Deterrence.

oglu Macidov, S. T. (2023). Prosecuting Cybercrimes under International Legal Frameworks: Challenges and Innovations. Futurity Economics&Law, 3(3), 80-95.

Plėta, T., Tvaronavičienė, M., Della Casa, S., & Agafonov, K. (2020). Cyber-attacks to critical energy infrastructure and management issues: Overview of selected cases. Insights into regional development. Vilnius: Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, 2020, vol. 2, no. 3.

Prokopenko, O. (2022). Some aspects of the state information policy of the modern state: definitions of the future. Futurity Economics&Law, 2(4), 60-72.

Redko, K., Denyshchenko, L., Dobrovolska, O., Lukyanenko, N., & Kyryllova, Y. (2022). Development of green energy as a path to energy independence of the national economy. Futurity Economics&Law, 2(4), 36-42.

Singh, N. K., & Mahajan, V. (2021). Analysis and evaluation of cyber-attack impact on critical power system infrastructure. Smart Science, 9(1), 1-13.

Spînu, N. (2020). Ukraine Cybersecurity Governance Assessment. Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance/nov.

Sufi, F. (2023). Social Media Analytics on Russia–Ukraine Cyber War with Natural Language Processing: Perspectives and Challenges. Information, 14(9), 485.

Suprunenko, S., Pylypenko, N., Trubnik, T., & Volchenko, N. (2023). Forecast of changes in the macroeconomic situation in Ukraine: smart economy of the future. Futurity Economics&Law, 3(3), 219-236.

Tarasenko, O., Mirkovets, D., Shevchyshen, A., Nahorniuk-Danyliuk, O., & Yermakov, Y. (2022). Cyber security as the basis for the national security of Ukraine. Cuestiones politicas, 40(73).

Tvaronavičienė, M., Plėta, T., Della Casa, S., & Latvys, J. (2020). Cyber security management of critical energy infrastructure in national cybersecurity strategies: Cases of USA, UK, France, Estonia and Lithuania. Insights into regional development, 2(4), 802-813.

Tymoshenko, M., Redko, K., Serbov, M., Shashyna, M., & Slavkova, O. (2022). The impact of industry 4.0 on modelling energy scenarios of the developing economies. Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS, 13(4).

Unal, B., & Lewis, P. (2018). Cybersecurity of nuclear weapons systems. Chatham House.

Willett, M. (2023). The Cyber Dimension of the Russia–Ukraine War Survival: October-November 2022 (pp. 7-26): Routledge.

Yakymchuk, A., Kardash, O., Popadynets, N., Yakubiv, V., Maksymiv, Y., Hryhoruk, I., & Kotsko, T. (2022). Modeling and governance of the Country's energy security: The example of Ukraine. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(5), 280-286.

Zografopoulos, I., Hatziargyriou, N. D., & Konstantinou, C. (2023). Distributed energy resources cybersecurity outlook: Vulnerabilities, attacks, impacts, and mitigations. IEEE Systems Journal, 11, 36-47.

Downloads

Published

2024-10-17

How to Cite

Borychenko, O., Cherniavskyi, A., Muliarevych, O., Shelekh, Y., & Sabat, M. (2024). CYBERSECURITY IN THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE: PROTECTION MEASURES AND CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY SECURITY. Journal of Management & Technology, 24(4), 67–90. Retrieved from https://revistagt.fpl.emnuvens.com.br/get/article/view/2876

Issue

Vol. 24 No. 4 (2024)

Section

ARTIGO

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Management & Technology

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: • 1. The author(s) authorize the publication of the article in the journal. • 2. The author(s) ensure that the contribution is original and unpublished and is not being evaluated in other journal(s). • 3. The journal is not responsible for the opinions, ideas and concepts expressed in the texts because they are the sole responsibility of the author(s). • 4. The publishers reserve the right to make adjustments and textual adaptation to the norms of APA. • 5. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. • 6. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. • 7. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) at http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html