NATURAL RESOURCE GOVERNANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND HUMAN SECURITY IN NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2024.v24i2.2867Palavras-chave:
Natural Resource Governance, Conflict, Environmental Change, Human Security, Niger- Delta, Nigeria.Resumo
Globally, there have been several discussions about the connection or relationship between environmental change, natural resources, and security. Aside from the detrimental effects it has on livelihood in the majority of the world's current regions, many academics have identified environmental change, or climate change, as one of the primary causes of conflict and insecurity. Thus, this study's main goal is to investigate how natural resources, environmental change, and human security are related in Nigeria's Niger-Delta region. For this study, a qualitative approach to data collecting was used, utilizing journals, books, conference proceedings, and online resources. The study's theoretical foundation was provided by the resource curse hypothesis and the frustration-aggression theory. Content and descriptive analyses were performed on the acquired data. Nonetheless, the analysis showed that natural resource governance, environmental change, and security are all symbolically related. However, some of the advocates in the fight for resource management continued to act avaricious, notwithstanding genuine incidents of carelessness and negligence that initially gave rise to the grievance. Because of the significant effects that inadequate resource governance and environmental problems have on the region's peace and security, it is important to recognize that addressing these challenges is not just vital but also essential. The report suggests that while addressing resource-related conflicts, the government give humanitarian assistance equal weight with upholding the law. The study's policy implications assert that policymakers worldwide can use it to inform how policies are administered.
Referências
References
Abasilim, U. D., Gberevbie, D. E., & Osibanjo, O. A. (2019). Leadership styles and employees’ commitment: Empirical evidence from Nigeria. Sage Open, 9(3), 2158244019866287.
ACSS (2021) Climate Change Amplifies Instability in Africa. Website: https://africacenter.org/spotlight/climate-change-amplifies-instability-in-africa/
Agbiboa, D. (2013) Have we heard the last? Oil, environmental insecurity, and the impact of the amnesty programme on the Niger Delta resistance movement’ Review of African Political Economy 40(137) 454
Ajala, O. (2016) Human Security in the Niger Delta: Exploring the Interplay of Resource Governance, Community Structure and Conflicts. Afe Babalola University Journal of Sustainable Development, Law & Policy Vol. 7 (2), 81-103
Aigbe G. O; Cotton, M & Stringer, L. C. (2023) Global gas flaring and energy justice: An empirical ethics analysis of stakeholder perspective. Website: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221462962300124X
Alao, A. (2007). Natural Resources and Conflict in Africa: Tragedy of Endowment. Rochester, University of Rochester Press.
Aluko, A; Apeloko, O. D; & Chukwudi, C. E (2023) Deradicalization of Boko Haram Insurgents and Bandits: A Soft-power Approach in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Renaissance. Special Issue (si) No. 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2023/sin1a9. Website: https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejcaa_afren_v2023_nsi1_a10
Akamkpa Quarry Limited (2020) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) OF THE
AKAMKPA QUARRY PROJECT. Website: https://ead.gov.ng/wp- content/uploads/2020/07/Akamkpa-Quarry-Draft- Report.pdf
Amobi, D.; Onyishi, T. (2015). Governance and climate change in Nigeria: A public policy perspective. J. Policy Dev. Stud. 289, 1–12.
Ayankoya, A. R, and Osimen G. U (2023) Employee Welfare and Organisational Performance: A Study of Maternity leave Policy in Covenant University, Nigeria; Migration Letter, Vol.20 (S9), 815-824.
Ansell, C., and J. Torfing, editors. (2016). Handbook on theories of governance. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.
Baechler, G. (1999). Violence through Environmental Discrimination: Causes, Rwanda Arena, and Conflict Model. Dordrecht, Kluwer.
Benjaminsen, T.A.; Alinon, K.; Buhaug, H.; Buseth, J.T. (2012). Does climate change drive land- use conflicts in the Sahel? J. Peace Ress, 49, 97–111.
Berkes, F. (2012). Sacred Ecology. New York, US: Taylor & Francis.
Binder, C. R., J. Hinkel, P. W. G. Bots, and C. Pahl-Wostl. (2013). Comparison of frameworks for analyzing social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society 18(4):26.
Bisina, J. (2004) “Oil and Corporate Recklessness in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region,” Pambazuka News, Global Policy Forum, 29 July, 2004. 3
Boge, V. (1999). Mining, Environmental Degradation and War: The bougainville Case. In M. Suliman (ed.), Ecology, Politics and Violent Conflict. London, Zed Book
Chukwudi, C. E., Gberevbie, D. E., Abasilim, D. E., & Imhonopi, D. (2019). IPOB Agitations for Self-Determination and the Response of the Federal Government of Nigeria: Implications for Political Stability. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 8(3), 179-194
Cilliers, J. and Christian, D. (2000). Angola’s War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds.
Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies.
Collier, P. and Hoeffler, A (2004). ‘Greed and Grievance in Civil Wars’, Oxford Economic Papers 56 (4): 573-595.
Collier, P. and Hoeffler, A.(2008) ‘Greed and Grievance in Civil War’ (Oxford University, Centre for the study of African Economic, 2000 49(4) Journal of Conflict Resolution 635.
Collier, P. and Hoeffler. A (2005). “Resource Rents, Governance and Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 49: 625–33.
Collier, P. (2000). Economic Causes of Civil Conflict and their Implications for Policy.
Washington, DC.
Cox, M., S. Villamayor-Tomas, G. Epstein, L. Evans, N. C. Ban, F. Fleischman, M. Nenadovic, and G. Garcia-Lopez. (2016). Synthesizing theories of natural resource management and governance. Global Environmental Change 39:45-56.
CRISE (2007). The Department of International Development, Working Paper No.35: University of Oxford, p 6.
Davies, C.J. (1962). Towards a Theory of Revolution. American Sociological Review. Xxvii, February.
Daudu, B.O, Osimen, G.U & Shuaibu (2023). Cyberbullying and Social Media: Implications for African Digital Space; in Mohamed Lahby, et al (Eds) Book “Combatting Cyberbullying in Digital Media with Artificial Intelligence” Rutledge.
Dollard, J. (1939). The frustration-aggression hypothesis, institute of human relations, pp 209.
Ehiane, S & Moyo, P (2021) Climate Change, Human Insecurity and Conflict Dynamics in the Lake Chad Region. 57(8), https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096211063817
FAOUN (2024) Land and Water. Website: https://www.fao.org/land-water/land/sustainable-land- management/en/
Gberevbie, D., Segun J., Excellence-Oluye. N, Oyeyemi, A (2017) Accountability for sustainable development and the challenges of leadership in Nigeria, 1999-2015; Sage Open Access Publisher, San Francisco, USA 7(4) 1-10.
Gleick, P. (1991). Environment and Security: The Clear Connections. Bullentin of the Atomic Scientists, 47(3).
Hewlett, D. & Edwards, J. (2013). Beyond prescription: Community engagement in the planning and management of national parks as tourist destinations. Tourism Planning & Development, 10(1), 45-63.
Hirsh, J. (2007). Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy. Boulder, Lynne Renner Hodges, T. (2003). Angola: Anatomy of an Oil State. London, James Curry.
Homer-Dixon, T. (1991). On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict.
International Security, 16 (2): 76 – 116
Humphreys, M., et al, (2007). Introduction in “Escaping the Resource Curse” Columbia University Press
Joppe, M., Brooker, E. & Thomas, K. (2014). Drivers of innovation in rural tourism: Therole of good governance and engaged entrepreneurs. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 9(4), 49-63
Keen, D, (1998). The Economics of Civil Conflicts. Adelphi Papers
Kerr, P. (2013). Human Security. In Collins, A. (ed.). Contemporary Security Studies 3rd ed.
Oxford, Oxford University Press
Lin Zhang, L.; Xu, M.; Li, Y; & Chen, X (2022) Globalization, Green Economy and Environmental Challenges: State of the Art Review for Practical Implications. Sec. Environmental Economics and Management. Volume 10 - 2022 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.870271
Machin, A (2022) Climates of democracy: Skeptical, rational, and radical imaginaries. Wires Climate Change. Website: https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wcc.774
Mavrotas, George, S. Mansoob Murshed and Sebastian Torres. (2006). ‘Natural Resources Endowments and Recent Economic Performance, mimeo Review.
Manisalidis, I (2020) Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Website: https://www.frontiersin.org › fpubh.2020.00014
Moore, P., Greiber, T. & Baig, S. (2010). Strengthening voices for better choices. Forest governance and law enforcement: Findings from the field.
Murshed, S. Mansoob. (2002). ‘Civil War, Conflict and Underdevelopment’, Journal of Peace Research 39(4): 387-93.
Myers, N. (1986). The Environmental Dimension to Security Issues. Environmentalist, 6/4
Natural Resource Charter (2nd edition, 2014), available at: http://www.resourcegovernance.org/ sites/default/files/NRCJ1193_natural_resource_charter_19.6.14.pdf.
Nettheim, G. & McRae, H. (2009). Indigenous legal issues: Commentary and materials, 4th ed.
Australia: Thomson Reuters.
Newman, E (2010) Critical Human Security Studies. Review of International Studies. 36, 77-94 Website: https://www.jstor.org/page-scan-delivery/get-page-scan/40588105/0
Nunan, F. (2019). Governing renewable natural resources: theoriesand frameworks. First edition.
Routledge, London, UK.
Huntjens, P. and Nachbar, K. (2015). Climate Change as a Threat Multiplier for Current and Future Conflict: Policy and Governance Recommendations for Advancing Climate Security. The Hague Institute of Global Justice Working Paper 9, May 2015.
Odock, C. N. (2010). The Political Economy of Climate Change in Nigeria’s South-South Zone. In Eze, O. C. and Oche, O. (Eds.). Climate Change and Human Security in Nigeria. Lagos: Nigeria Institute of International Affairs.
Okoli, A.C.; Atelhe, G.A. (2014). Nomads against Natives: A Political Ecology of Herder/Farmer Conflicts in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Okoli, Al Chukwuma and Atelhe George Atelhe. Am. Int. J. Contemp .
Okoro JP (2018) Herdsmen/farmers conflict and its effects on socio-economic development in Nigeria. Journal of Peace, Security and Development 4(1): 143–158.
Olajide, B. Quadri, M. & Ojakorotu, V. (2018). Climate Change, Human Security and Good Governance in Nigeria. African Renaissance, Vol. 15, (3), pp 173-196
Oluwaniyi, O (2013) Post Amnesty Programme in the Niger Delta: Challenges and Prospects’ African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD) 2011; Moses Ikoh and Ebebe Ukpong, ‘The Niger Delta Crises: Taming Violence Beyond the Amnesty; International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, (3)7, 152.
O'Riordan, T. & S. Stoll-Kleeman (2002). Biodiversity, sustainability and human communities.
London, UK: Earthscan.
Osimen G. U, Ayankoya, A. R, & Udoh, O. D (2023) Between Security and Environmental Change: A Theoretical Exploration of the Linkage; Migration Letter, Vol.20 (S8), 1168-1179.
Osimen, G.U, Olu-Owolabi, F. E, Apeloko, O. D, & Awogu-Maduagwu, E. A. (2023) Human Trafficking and Modern-Day Slavery: An Appraisal of Causes and Effects in Nigeria; Migration Letter Vol.20 (S7), 1264-1275.
Osimen, G.U, Daudu, B.O, Oladoyin, A.M, AHMED, T. M. O (2024) Feminist Media Activism and Women’s Ordeal in Africa; Migration Letter Vol.21 (2), 1092-1104
Osimen,G.U , Obiyan, A.S Ayankoya,A.R, Essien, N.P (2024) Nigeria’s Quest for a Permanent Seat at the United Nation Security Council: A Giant Dwarfed of Domestic Challenges; Volume: 21 (3), pp. 808-820
Oyelami, L. O., Edewor, S. E., Folorunso, J. O., & Abasilim, U. D. (2023). Climate Change, Institutional Quality and Food Security: Sub-Saharan African Experiences. Scientific African, e01727.
Peluso, N. and Harwell, E. (2001). Territory, Custom and the Cultural Politics of Ethnic War in West Kalimantan Indonesia. In N. Peluso and M.Watts (eds.), Violent Environments. Ithaca, NY. Cornell Univ. Press.
Ramay, S. A. and Saleem, M. (2012). Climate Change and National Security. Policy Paper 39:2012. Islamabad: Sustainable Development Institute.
Rodrik, D. (2002). ‘After Neoliberalism, What?’ Paper presented at a conference on Alternatives to Neoliberalism, Washington, DC, May, 23.
Sachs, J. D., and Warner.A.M ( 2001. Natural Resources and Economic Development: The Curse of Natural Resources.” European Economic Review 45: 827–38.
Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. New York, Anchor Books
Siegle, J. (2008). Governance Strategies to Remedy the Natural Resource Curse.” International Social Science Journal 57: 45–55.
Springer, J., (2016). Natural Resource Governance Framework - Initial Design Document for an NRG Framework. IUCN & CEESP.
Stanley, E. and Philani, M. (2021). Climate Change, Human Insecurity and Conflict Dynamics in the Lake Chad Region. Journal of Asian and African Studies. Vol. 3 (2) 1– 13
Tobias Ide, McKenzie F. Johnson, Jon Barnett, Florian Krampe, Philippe Le Billon, Lucile Maertens, Nina von Uexkull & Irene Vélez-Torres (2023) The Future of Environmental Peace and Conflict Research, Environmental Politics, 32:6, 1077-1103, DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2022.2156174
Torfing, J., B. G. Peters, J. Pierre, and E. Sørensen. (2016). Interactive governance: advancing the paradigm. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Tyokumbur, E. T. (2010). Practising Ecology: Chances and Choices. Ibadan: John Archers (Publishers) Ltd.
UNHCR (2018) Global report. (Online), pp.1–131. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/en- us/5e4ff98f7.pdf.
United Nations, (2003).‘Human Security Now’ (Final Report of the Commission on Human Security, accessed 25 January 2016.
United Nations (2007). UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP).
Available at: http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf [Accessed 3 December 2016].
United Nations Development Programme (1994). Human Development Report Oxford: Oxford University Press.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2017). Governance for sustainable Human development: A UNDP policy document. New York, US: UNDP.
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (1998). The Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention).
United Nations Environmental Programme (2016). Environmental Governance. Retrieved from http://staging.unep.org/pdf/brochures/EnvironmentalGovernance.pdf
Watts, M. (2001). Petro-Violence: Community Extraction and Political Ecology of a Mythic Commodity. In Peluso, N. and M. Watts (eds.), Violent Environments. Ithaca, NY. Cornell University Press.
World Bank and Global Witness. (2008). Assessment of International Monetary Fund and
World Bank Group Extractive Industries Transparency Implementation. Report, Washington, DC: World Bank Information Center.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista Gestão & Tecnologia
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Os direitos, inclusive os de tradução, são reservados. É permitido citar parte de artigos sem autorização prévia desde que seja identificada a fonte. A reprodução total de artigos é proibida. Em caso de dúvidas, consulte o Editor.
