Inovação, interação e dinâmicas de proximidade: uma análise para PMEs de equipamentos médicos, hospitalares e odontológicos do Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2025.v25i4.3200Palavras-chave:
Dinâmicas de Proximidade. Equipamentos Médico, Hospitalares e Odontológicos. Fluxos de Conhecimento. Dinâmica Inovativa da Firma.Resumo
Objetivo: Investigar como os diferentes tipos de proximidade (geográfica, cognitiva, organizacional, social e institucional) afetam a colaboração interorganizacional e a geração de inovações em Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs) do setor de equipamentos médicos, hospitalares e odontológicos no Rio Grande do Sul.
Metodologia/Abordagem: Foram realizadas entrevistas em com 24 PMEs, e a partir das respostas, utiliza-se análise de redes sociais (ARS) e indicadores estatísticos para mapear as interações e a relevância das proximidades.
Originalidade/Relevância: Adota uma abordagem multidisciplinar ao integrar os conceitos de proximidade (Boschma, 2005) com redes de inovação no setor de equipamentos médicos, combinando perspectivas da Economia Regional, Gestão da Inovação e Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS), com foco específico em PMEs do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) - um contexto emergente pouco explorado na literatura, que tradicionalmente analisa grandes empresas em países desenvolvidos.
Principais Resultados: Os resultados empíricos revelam uma diferenciação importante: enquanto a literatura frequentemente destaca a proximidade cognitiva e organizacional como críticas, este trabalho demonstra que a proximidade geográfica e social emerge como as mais relevantes para PMEs médicas, apontando para particularidades setoriais. Academicamente, o estudo confirma a heterogeneidade dos efeitos da proximidade e evidencia o papel estratégico de hospitais nas redes de inovação médica.
Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O estudo apresenta uma aplicação inovadora da Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS) em PMEs médicas ao utilizar o software UCINET para mapear redes de colaboração, superando as limitações de métodos tradicionais como surveys agregados, e combina de forma original análises quantitativas (estatísticas) com qualitativas (entrevistas), permitindo capturar tanto a estrutura objetiva das redes quanto as percepções subjetivas dos atores envolvidos.
Contribuições Sociais: Para o setor de saúde, identifica os hospitais como verdadeiros hubs de inovação, sugerindo que políticas de P&D devem posicioná-los como líderes de redes colaborativas.
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